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Important Facts on Argentinas History and Geography

Argentina, officially called the Argentine Republic, is the largest Spanish-speaking nation in Latin America. It is located in southern South America to the east of Chile. To the west is Uruguay, a small part of Brazil, southern Bolivia, and Paraguay. One of the main differences between Argentina and other South America countries is that it is mainly dominated by a large middle class thats heavily influenced by European culture. In fact, nearly 97% of Argentinas population is of European descent, with Spain and Italy being the most common countries of origin. Fast Facts: Argentina Official Name: Argentine RepublicCapital: Buenos AiresPopulation: 44,694,198 (2018)Official Language: SpanishCurrency: Argentine pesos (ARS)Form of Government: Presidential republicClimate: Mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwestTotal Area: 1,073,518 square miles (2,780,400 square kilometers)  Highest Point: Cerro Aconcagua 22,841 feet (6,962 meters) Lowest Point: Laguna del Carbon 344 feet (105 meters)   History of Argentina Argentina saw the first Europeans arrive when Italian explorer and navigator Amerigo Vespucci reached its shores in 1502. Europeans did not establish a permanent settlement in Argentina until 1580 when Spain established a colony in what is present-day Buenos Aires. Throughout the rest of the 1500s and also through the 1600s and 1700s, Spain continued to expand its territorial hold and established the Vice Royalty of Rio de la Plata in 1776. However, on July 9, 1816, after several conflicts, Buenos Aires General Josà © de San Martin (who is now Argentinas national hero) declared independence from Spain. Argentinas first constitution was drafted in 1853 and a national government was established in 1861. Following its independence, Argentina implemented new agricultural technologies, organizational strategies, and foreign investments to help grow its economy. From 1880 to 1930, it became one of the worlds 10 wealthiest nations. Despite its economic success, by the 1930s Argentina was undergoing a period of political instability. The constitutional government was overthrown in 1943. As minister of labor, Juan Domingo Perà ³n took over as the countrys political leader. In 1946, Perà ³n was elected as Argentinas president and established Partido Unico de la Revolucion. Peron was re-elected in 1952 but after government instability, he was exiled in 1955. Through the rest of the 1950s and into the 1960s, military and civilian political administrations worked to deal with economic instability. However, after years of uncertainty, unrest led to a reign of domestic terrorism that ran from the mid-1960s through the 1970s. On March 11, 1973, by means of a general election, Hector Campora became the countrys president. In July of that same year, however, Campora resigned and Perà ³n was re-elected President of Argentina. When Perà ³n died a year later, his wife, Eva Duarte de Perà ³n, was appointed the presidency for a short while but was ousted from office in March 1976. After her removal, Argentinas armed forces took control of the government, executing harsh punishments on those who were considered extremists in what was eventually known as El Proceso or the Dirty War. Military rule lasted in Argentina until December 10, 1983, at which time another presidential election was held. Raul Alfonsin was elected president for a six-year term. During Alfonsins time in office, stability returned to Argentina for a short time, but the country was still facing serious economic problems. After Alfonsin left office, the country reverted to instability, which lasted into the early 2000s. In 2003, Nestor Kirchner was elected president and after a rocky start, he was eventually able to restore Argentinas former political and economic strength. Government of Argentina Argentinas current government is a federal republic with two legislative bodies. Its executive branch has a chief of state and a head of state. From 2007 to 2011, Cristina Fernà ¡ndez de Kirchner was the countrys first elected woman  to fill both of those roles. The legislative branch is bicameral with a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies, while the judicial branch is made up of a Supreme Court. Argentina is divided into 23 provinces and one autonomous city,  Buenos Aires. Economics, Industry and Land Use in Argentina Today, one of the most important sectors of Argentinas economy is its industry and approximately one-quarter of the countrys workers are employed in manufacturing. Argentinas major industries include chemical and petrochemical, food production, leather, and textiles. Energy production and mineral resources including lead, zinc, copper, tin, silver, and uranium are also important to the economy. Argentinas main agricultural products include wheat, fruit, tea, and livestock. Geography and Climate of Argentina Because of Argentinas long length, it is divided into four main regions: the northern subtropical woodlands and swamps; the heavily wooded slopes of the Andes Mountains in the west; the far south, semiarid and cold Patagonian Plateau; and the temperate region surrounding Buenos Aires. Thanks to its mild climate, fertile soils, and proximity to where Argentinas cattle industry began, the Buenos Aires temperate region is the countrys most populated. In addition to these regions, Argentina has many large lakes in the Andes, along with the second largest river system in South America, the Paraguay-Parana-Uruguay, that drains from the northern Chaco region to the Rio de la Plata near Buenos Aires. Like its terrain, Argentinas climate varies, although most of the country is considered temperate with a small arid portion in the southeast. Argentinas southwestern portion is extremely cold and dry and is consequently considered a sub-Antarctic climate. Sources Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook—Argentina.Infoplease.com. Argentina: History, Geography, Government, and Culture.United States Department of State. Argentina.

Essay on Chinas Economy - 675 Words

Chapter 1 question 6 If current trends continue, China may be the world’s largest economy by 2020. Discuss the possible implications of such a development for (a) the world trading system, (b) the world monetary system (c) the business strategy of today’s European and U.S. global corporations, and (d) global commodity prices. A) The implications of such a development for the world trading system is that China will basically will be the root of trading. From my perspective, China’s growth of economic will benefit overall economy of world. In the trading system, China will play a major role on deciding the policy and implications how the trading should be done. With its sophisticated export increase do to the rapid increase in†¦show more content†¦D) I think this is going to be the most impact throughout the whole world with economic growth of China. Global commodity price changes can affect inflation and the terms of trade at the global level, with possibly large effects on other emerging and developing economies. In upcoming growth, China will set benchmarks in commodity pricing along with U.S. at side. Chapter 2 question 4 What are the risks facing foreign firms that do business in Indonesia? What is required to reduce these risks? The risks that I personally believe firms that do business in Indonesia would be loss of income to bribes. Moreover, jail time for foreign enterprises on flimsiest of pretext as well and long waits to establish a business are the risks that foreign firms are facing. In order to reduce or say minimize these risks, a radical change is required. Indonesia has an anticorruption drive, which may or may not work. As stated in the case, Indonesia has launched an anticorruption drive; it just needs to implement better ways of putting that law into affect. A more assertive policy needs to take affect on people in order to make the country better and bring out the resources that it has to offer like Oil production. Moreover, political elites need to get involvement with each other and foreign countries in shaping and assisting to rebuild a better Indonesia. As for business firm, businesses must take a pro-active approach to security and risk management. Doing so reducesShow MoreRelatedEconomy of China625 Words   |  3 PagesOn the year of 1978, China was one of the poorest states at the global stage. During that time, China’s true per capita GDP was just one-tenth of the Brazilian grade and one-fourtieth tha United State of America grade. The following time, the true per capita GDP in China has grown to more than eight percent (8%) as an everage level in every year. 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Pollution Has Been A Growing Problem - 1531 Words

Pollution has been a growing problem since the rapid evolution of technology after the Industrial Revolution, which contaminated Earth with its byproducts of harmful chemicals and an ever growing pile of trash. From harmful chemicals in the air to plastic floating in the ocean, pollution has contaminated the very world we have been living in, slowly creating a bleak future for the new generations to come. I was a young child, unaware of the danger of just breathing the air and how dirty the world has become over the last few hundred years. Eventually, a life-threatening event changed that view forever and urged me to take a stance on the topic of pollution, changing my views and having a huge impact on my future. Before long, I had become an advocate of preventing the pollution of our wonderful home, Earth. When I was around 11 to 12 years old, I saw a pelican on the pier of Long Beach with its body tangled up in fishing lines, disabling it from flying and left helpless to nearly die. 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Philosophy 101 Study Guide Free Essays

string(211) " we exercise courage to the extent then that part of the soul is excellent \* Responsible for anger \* Views on Women: Plato believed that women had a right, or you might even call it a role to play in society\." * Socrates: Philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic Method. Charged with introducing strange gods and corrupting the young, he committed suicide. * Rhetoric: Saying things in a convincing matter * Skepticism: The idea that nothing can ever be known for certain. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy 101 Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Sophists: A wise and informed person, critical of traditional mythology, rejected â€Å"fruitless† philosophical speculations. A member of a school of ancient Greek professional philosophers who were expert in and taught the skills of rhetoric, argument, and debate, but were criticized for specious reasoning. * Socratic Irony: Feign Ignorance, or pretend to be dumber than really are to expose the weaknesses of people’s thinking * â€Å"One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing† * â€Å"He knows what good is will do good† * Plato (428-347 B. C. Athens, Greece): Student of Socrates. Established ‘The Academy’. Wrote Dialogues. He was a Dualist. * Two parts to a human: Body ; Soul Plato regarded the body and soul as separate entities * A person may crave or have an appetite for something, yet resist the craving with willpower. A correctly operating soul requires the highest part, reason, to control the lowest part, appetite, with assistance from the will. * Plato believed that though the body dies and disintegrates, the soul continues to live forever. After the deat h of the body, the soul migrates to what Plato called the realm of the pure forms. There, it exists without a body, contemplating the forms. After a time, the soul is reincarnated in another body and returns to the world. But the reincarnated soul retains a dim recollection of the realm of forms and yearns for it * Theory of ideas/forms: the reality behind the material world, which contains the eternal and immutable â€Å"patterns† behind the various phenomena, we come across in nature. * Plato believed that everything tangible in nature flows. There are no substances that do not dissolve, and so everything is made of a timeless â€Å"mold† or â€Å"form† that is eternal and immutable. * Eternal: Lasting or existing orever; without end or beginning. * Immutable: Unable to be changed * Form (Ideas): A form is an abstract property or quality. Take any property of an object; separate it from that object and consider it by itself, and you are contemplating a form. For example, if you separate the roundness of a basketball from its color, its weight, etc. and consider just roundness by itself, you are thin king of the from of roundness. * The forms are transcendent. This means that they do not exist in space and time. A material object, a basketball, exists at a particular place at a particular time. A form, roundness, does not exist at any place or time. * Pure – the forms only exemplify one property. Material objects are impure; they combine a number of properties such as blackness, circularity, and hardness into one object. * Archetypes – The forms are archetypes; that is, they are perfect examples of the property that they exemplify. The forms are the perfect models upon which all material objects are based. The form of redness, for example, is red, and all red objects are simply imperfect * Ultimately Real – The forms are the ultimately real entities, not material objects. All material objects are copies or images of some collection of forms; their reality comes only from the forms. * Causes – The forms are the causes of all things. * They provide the explanation of why any thing is the way it is * They are the source or origin of the being of all things * Systematically Interconnected – The forms comprise a system leading down from the form of the Good moving from more general to more particular, from more objective to more subjective. This systematic structure is reflected in the structure of the dialectic process by which we come to knowledge of the forms. * Realm of Forms (World of Ideas): The world that we perceive through the mind, using our concepts, seems to be permanent and unchanging. Humans have access to the realm of forms through the mind, through reason, given Plato’s theory of the subdivisions of the human soul. This gives them access to an unchanging world, invulnerable to the pains and changes of the material world. By detaching ourselves from the material world and our bodies and developing our ability to concern ourselves with the forms, we find a value which is not open to change or disintegration. * Realm of the Illusory (World of the Senses): The world we perceive through the senses seems to be always changing. It seems that all the objects we perceive with the senses are simply images or experiences in our mind. They are only subjective points of views on the real objects. For example, the world appears radically differently to a color blind person than it does to us. The objects that we perceive as colored, then, must not be the real objects, but just our experience of these objects that is determined by my particular subjective point of view and perceptual apparatus. * True Knowledge * He believed that as result of the constant change within the material world we could never really have true knowledge. * Eros: Greek god of love; son of Aphrodite; often shown blindfolded * Rationalism: the belief that human reason is the primary source of our knowledge of the world * Three parts of the Soul Reason (Intellect) * In the Head * Provide Wisdom * Where our individual/ unique talents lie * If reason functions excellently (arete) then we are wise to that extent * If we exercise wisdom to the extent then that part of the soul is excellent * Responsible for love of learning, spirited, animated * Passion [Appetite/Desire] * From Greek word â€Å"Pathe† meaning the irrational movements of the soul * In gut * Provides temperance If passion functions excellently then we are temperate * If we exercise temperance to the extent then that part of the soul is excellent * Responsible for Desire * Thymos * Means Spirit/Will * In Heart * Provides Courage * Can help reason master passion * If we exercise courage to the extent then that part of the soul is excellent * Responsible for anger * Views on Women: Plato believed that women had a right, or you might even call it a role to play in society. You read "Philosophy 101 Study Guide" in category "Essay examples" Their role was to be a significant part of society, different from men, but still play a part. Plato believed that women were necessary for society to run smoothly. * Women were not equals of men * Women lacked strength * Women are naturally maternal * In Plato’s time it was unheard of to view women as more than a piece of property. * Dualist: a sharp division between the reality of thought and extended reality. * Aristotle (384-322 B. C; Macedonia, Athens): Pupil of Plato’s. Believed Plato’s world of ideas did not exist but that the eternal idea was really a concept- the idea of a horse that we have after seeing many of them. Learn know through the senses. â€Å"20 questions†. Causes * What type of material it is made of? * Wood * What type of thing it is? * Table * What caused it to come into being? * How it was built; the task needed to be done to create the table * Purpose or Final Cause (Telos): The purpose, end, aim, or goal of something. The final cause is the cause why a thing exists. * Meant to be a dinner table or desk * Views on Women: Vi ewed them as â€Å"unfinished men†. * Golden Mean: One cannot be too much of one thing or too less, need to be balanced * Empiricism: Derive all knowledge from what the senses tell us. There are no innate ideas and cannot prove the existence of God, eternity or substance * Hellenism: The period of time and the Greek-dominated culture that prevailed in the three Hellenistic Kingdoms of Macedonia, Syria, and Egypt. The diffusion of Greek Culture throughout the Mediterranean world after the conquest of Alexander the Great. * The Cynics: True happiness doesn’t come from external advantages, like power/good health. Once you have true happiness, it can’t be lost. Their own/others health shouldn’t disturb them. * The Stoics * Stoicism was founded by a man named Zeno, who lived from 335-263 BC. He used to lecture not in a classroom but outside, on the porch of a public building * The word for porch in Greek is STOA, and so people called his students Stoics * People should try to reach inner peacefulness * Moderate in everything * Be happy with what they had. This would lead to a happy life * The best indication of an individual’s philosophy was not what a person said but how he behaved * Destructive emotions resulted from errors in judgment * Sage: person of â€Å"moral and intellectual perfection† * Would not suffer from such emotions The Epicureans: They believed pleasure is the greatest good, but to attain pleasure was to live modestly, gain knowledge of the workings of the world, and limit to one’s desires. * Neo-Platonism: Belief of two poles on Earth, one end is the dive light called the One (God). Other end is absolute darkness, no existence, the absence of light. * Syncretism: The combining of different beliefs, often while melding practices of various schools of thought. * Mysticism: One with God, merging with him. â€Å"I am God. † or â€Å"I am You. † * Two Cultures The Indo-Europeans: Related languages of Europe, India, and Iran, which are believed to have descended from a common tongue spoken roughly in the third millennium B. C. by an agricultural peoples originating in SE Europe * The Semites: A member of any of the peoples who speak or spoke a Semitic language, including in particular the Jews and Arabs- mostly Middle Easterners, they saw history as an on going line, world will end on judgment day * The Middle Ages: Period of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century * St. Augustine: Latin-speaking philosopher and theologian who lived in the Roman Africa Province. Influence of the Arabs: The Arabic-Latin translation movements in the Middle Ages, which paralleled that from Greek into Latin, led to the transformation of almost all philosophical disciplines in the medieval Latin world. * St. Thomas Aquinas: Tried to make Aristotle’s philosophy compatible with Christianity. Believed Christendom and philosophy were the same thing. Used bible as a source of reason. Created a synthesis between faith and knowledge. Said there are natural theological truths—truths that can be reached through both Christian faith and innate reason. Tried to prove god’s existence of Aristotle’s philosophy. Everything has a formal cause. God has revealed himself to mankind through both reason and the bible. * The Renaissance: period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world; a cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries * Reformation: religious movement of 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches * Three Major Discoveries: The compass, Firearms, and printing press. The Baroque: Historic period from about 1600 until 1750 when the baroque style of art, architecture, and music flourished in Europe * Carpe Diem: Seize the day. * Memento Mori: â€Å"Remember your mortality†- meaning ‘Remember, you will die’. * Idealism: the philosophical theory that ideas are the only reality. * Materialism: the belief of material things (atoms and the void). All r eal things derive from concrete substances. Determinism: Laplace (french mathematician) said that everything that happens is predetermined- contradicting the belief of free will and suggests that the outcome of everything is written in the stars * Descartes: French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter. Father of modern Philosophy. * His main concern was what we can know – certain knowledge * â€Å"Je pense donc je suis†: â€Å"I think, therefore I am† * â€Å"Cogito ergo sum†: â€Å"I think, therefore I am† said by Rene Descartes. * Two Forms of Reality: Thought Extention Agnostic: Unsure/Undecided/Needs more information. Unable to say categorically whether or not the gods/God exists; brought about by Sophist Protagoras * Atheist: Does not believe in God. * Spinoza: Baruch Spinoza-Jewish-Dutch rationalist (one of the great rationalists in 17th century); opposed Descartes’ mind-body dualism; he laid gr oundwork for Enlightenment. Also wrote the book of Ethics * Historico-Critical Interpretation of the Bible: Spinoza applied the scientific method to the reading of Scripture, and this became what is now known as the â€Å"historical-critical method. His view was that religious conflict in Europe was a result of differing interpretation on key biblical passages. He developed this method of reading Scripture in order to bring about universal agreement on its meaning. * Pantheist: God is infinite, he is present in everything. * Universal Law of Nature: the laws and rules of nature, according to which all things happen, and change from one form to another, are always and everywhere the same. So the way of understanding the nature of anything, of whatever kind, must also be the same, * One Substance: The claim that there is one and only one substance. This substance he identifies as God. * â€Å"Substance†: Does not need the conception of any other thing in order to be conceived * substance is its own cause * that it is infinite * that it is the only substance; for if there were two substances, they would limit each other and cease to be independent * Monist: reduces nature and the condition of all things to one single substance. Inner-Cause: Humans come to understand that their struggle follows by necessity from the struggle of Nature, and that it has an inner link with other parts of the environment through a common inner cause, Nature. * Determinist: Laplace (french mathematician) said that everything that happens is predetermined- contradicting the belief of free will and suggests that the outcome of everything is written in the stars * Free Will: Doctrine that conduct of the individual is the result of personal choice. not divine forces of fate) * Locke: English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience. * Empiricism: Derive all knowledge from what the senses tell us- came from Aristotle. There are no innate ideas and cannot prove the existence of God, eternity or substance) * Two questions about ideas? * Where do we get all of these ideas which are the content of our knowedge? * Whether things in the world fit our ideas, and not whether our ideas correspond to the nature of things in the world * Tabula Rasa: Clean slate. Primary Qualities: Extension, weight, senses reproduce them objectively. * Secondary Qualities: Color, smell; reproduce the things that are inherent in the things themselves. * Natural Rights: Locke’s political philosophy is his theory of natural rights privileges or claims to which an individual was entitled * Hume (1711-1776; English): Scottish philosopher whose s ceptical philosophy restricted human knowledge to that which can be perceived by the senses. He was an Empiricist. * Two types of Perception * Impression: how we experience the world Ideas: what we recall of our impressions * Faith v. Knowledge: Knowledge is divided into three Categories * Knowledge * Belief * Faith (this is of lower grade than belief and knowledge) * Laws of Nature or Cause Effect: Emphasized that the expectation of one thing following another does not lie in the things themselves, but in our mind. Sophist Teaching compared to Socrates Teachings: Sophist’s desired money in return for teaching young men various things about political and social life, such as rhetoric. ? Socrates was a philosopher, whom spent his days wandering around the gym and the agora, talking to people. He developed a following of young Greeks, such as Plato and Xenephon. Socrates did not charge for his teachings. He also made a habit of proving just how little Sophist’s actually knew. Many people did believe Socrates was a Sophist and this is a reasonable claim, because Sophist were know to be knowledgeable people that taught the same skills Socrates was. Although Socrates would not consider himself a Sophist and would be known to talk down about them about how little they actually knew. Plato’s Myth of the Cave: A few people were sitting underground in a cave, facing the wall. They cannot turn around, and all they have ever seen are shadows of objects projected onto the wall. One manages to turn around, and he sees the actual items that he has only ever seen shadows of. It is completely dazzling. Plato is trying to demonstrate the relationship of the material world and the world of ideas. Compared to the world of ideas, the material world is dreary. When Aristotle disagreed with Plato’s Theory of Forms; What did Aristotle offer up as an alternative explanation for Reality? Aristotle argued that the theory of forms is seriously flawed: it is not supported by good arguments; it requires a form for each thing; and it is too mathematical. Worst of all, on Aristotle’s view, the theory of forms cannot adequately explain the occurrence of change. By identifying the thing with its essence, the theory cannot account for the generation of new substances. Aristotle was the first philosopher to formalize the subject of Metaphysics. As Aristotle explains, Metaphysics is the study of the One Substance (and its Properties) which exists and causes / connects all things, and is therefore the necessary foundation for all human knowledge. Aristotle was correct to realize that One Substance must have Properties that cause matter’s interconnected activity and motion. Hellenistic Period in Mediterranean World (300 BCE 0 400 BCE): Common themes that pervaded multiple cultures at this time? The time between the death of King Alexander the Great and the emergence of Ancient Greece * the term Hellenistic to define the period when Greek culture spread in the non-Greek world after Alexander’s conquest * The Greek language being established as the official language of the Hellenistic world * The art and literature of the era were transformed accordingly to more Greek styles * The Greek were the majority over the Mediterranean world, but t hey often outnumbered by natives in the land; sometime there would be little interaction in some places between the Greek and the natives * The development of the Alexander Romance (mainly in Egypt) owes much to Greek theater as well as other styles of story. * The spread of Greek culture throughout the Near East and Asia owed much to the development of cities. * The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings. How is Christianity a blending between the Indo-European Semitic World views? The Greeks and Romans are a part of Indo-European culture, while the Jews belong to Semitic culture. He describes how Indo-European culture was characterized by a belief in many gods—pantheism. Similar ideas popped up in many different Indo-European languages, and were expressed by words that resembled each other greatly. The Semites, on the other hand, are characterized by monotheism, the belief in one god. Judaism, Islam, and Christianity are all Semitic religions. But Christianity complicates things, because it spread throughout Indo-European cultures and incorporated many features of those cultures. Semitic religions believe in one like Christianity, but also Indo-European culture believes in a messiah just like Jesus in the Christianity religion; so technically both cultures played a part in shaping Christianity. What is Descartes first movement of what is referred to as modern philosophy? What was his main â€Å"project† what type of conclusions did he arrive at? Descartes is often regarded as the first thinker to emphasize the use of reason to develop the Natural Sciences. It can be said his main goal was to find out truth to God’s existence then human existence, as these were the main two subjects. Descartes was the first philosopher in a long time to attempt to bring all knowledge into a coherent philosophy. His concerns were with certain knowledge—that which we can know for sure—and the mind/body relationship. Because philosophers believed in a mechanistic view of nature, it was critical to figure out how the mind’s thoughts became translated into actions of the body. Descartes doubted everything that was not certain and then realized that the very fact of his doubting meant he must be thinking. From there, he decided that the existence of God is also certain, and went on to define the world in terms of thought and matter, which he called extension. The mind and body interact, but the goal is to get the mind to operate solely according to reason. What did Spinoza propose as a way for understanding the world? How does this compare to Descartes conclusions? How are they similar? How are they different? He rejected Descartes’s dualism and believed that thought and extensions are simply two of God’s features that we can perceive. He had a deterministic view of the world, believing that God controlled all through natural laws. Spinoza felt that only God was truly free but that people could attain happiness through seeing things â€Å"from the perspective of eternity. † They are similar, because they both believe in God, but they are very different from Descartes relying mostly on reason, and Spinoza thinking that God controls everything through Natural Laws. Hume’s ideas on morality the source of morality: David Hume, an 18th century philosopher, stated that morality is based on sentiments rather than reason. He concluded this after he developed his â€Å"theory† of knowledge which stated that everything we could know was observable by the senses — he was a naturalistic philosopher. He then looked at situations in which he thought that there was an obvious â€Å"wrong† and he How to cite Philosophy 101 Study Guide, Essay examples

The Metamorphosis Shape And Form Essay Research free essay sample

The Metamorphosis: Shape And Form Essay, Research Paper The Metamorphosis: Shape and Form The narrative of The Metamorphosis is one that is really elusive and really delicate. Kafka wrote in a manner that would let a reader to construe the narrative in a manner that may be different each clip it is read. From the beginning, we see that a immature, difficult working, adult male, Gregor, has turned into a bug, and as the narrative continues, one can see that he was much more than an insect. What else could he be? Even after his decease, it is obvious that Gregor was there for a cause. His household depended on him for their felicity. The intent for his being was to function his household. His female parent and father created him and were the drive force behind his physical alteration. There was a deficiency of communicating that existed throughout the narrative that revealed how thankless they were of Gregor and his sister, who was on her manner towards going like her brother. Gregor was really of import to the household # 8217 ; s public assistance. At first he was the merely working member of the household, and his occupation was really of import ; the whole hereafter of Gregor and his household depended on it ( p.84 ) . For so long he wanted to discontinue his work, because he wasn # 8217 ; t happy with it. But he said to himself, # 8221 ; Besides, I have to supply for my parents and my sister. ( pp. 82-83 ) . # 8221 ; He felt that his household was excessively dependent of him. When Gregor wouldnt allow anyone in his room in fright that they would be horrified by his status, he thought that his household was hassling him because he was in danger of losing his occupation, and because the head would get down hassling his parents once more for the old debts # 8221 ; ( P. 76 ) . At this point, everyone was angry and wanted him to acquire up for work. All that mattered to the household was what Gregor was able to supply. After his secret of alteration to an insect was discovered, they realized that he was no longer of any usage to the household, and he was unappreciated in every manner. He didn # 8217 ; Ts have his occupation and no longer had anything to offer. # 8220 ; The house shortly started to fall apart ; the family was reduced more and more # 8220 ; ( p. 113 ) . Gregor was now a job for he had no map in the household. They locked him up, incarcerating him by non leting him out of his room. Slowly, his ownerships were removed, and for some clip no 1 bothered to clean his room, the cleansing of his room could non hold been more hurriedly done. # 8220 ; Streaks of soil stretched along the walls, here and at that place laic balls of dust and filth. # 8221 ; ( pp. 114-115 ) . Anything that was non needed for the minute was merely thrown into Gregors room. They couldn # 8217 ; t see beyond the obvious. To them he was merely a bug and non Gregor. For this ground, they merely did non demo him the regard that he deserved. Understanding Gregor was something that his parents failed to make. Flush before his metabolism, there was a communicating job within the household. When Gregor foremost speaks to reply his female parent, he didn # 8217 ; t acknowledge his ain voice. Kafka explains: # 8220 ; Gregor had a daze as he heard his ain voice replying hers, unmistakably his ain voice, it was true, but with a persistent horrible chittering squeak behind it like an undertone, that left the words in their clear form merely for the first minute and so rose up resounding round them to destruct their sense, so that one could non be certain one had heard them lt ;< br /> justly # 8221 ; ( p. 70 ) . Equally atrocious as he sounded, his female parent did non acknowledge the difference in his voice, proposing that they didn # 8217 ; t talk frequently. Nothing changed after his metabolism, nevertheless, and the household continued to misconstrue Gregor. They failed to recognize that, even as a bug, Gregor was still at that place and that he could understand everything they had to state. Many times he tried to demo his trueness, # 8220 ; but the more meekly he bent his caput his male parent merely stamped on the floor the more loudly ( p. 86 ) . # 8221 ; His sister, whom Gregor trusted most, even tried to convert his parents that Gregor is no longer with them. # 8220 ; My beloved parents, she said, things cant travel on like this. I habit arrant my brothers same in the presence of this animal, and so all I say is: we must seek to acquire rid of it ( p. 124 ) . # 8221 ; Gregor was non to be accepted for who he was. After some clip, his household still hadn # 8217 ; t got used to him. # 8220 ; He realized how abhorrent the sight of him still was to her, and that it was bound to travel on being abhorrent ( p. 99 ) . # 8221 ; Gregor # 8217 ; s status resulted from the maltreatment that he took from his household, and he was much more wise because of it. He had gotten used to his alteration and really enjoyed being a bug. # 8221 ; He particularly liked hanging from the ceiling # 8221 ; ( p. 100 ) . And all the talk of him made him believe more. He came to the decision that he was better off as a bug and did non desire things to travel back to the manner they were. He was frequently haunted by the thought that the following clip the door opened # 8220 ; he would take the household # 8217 ; s personal businesss in manus once more merely as he used to make # 8221 ; ( p. 114 ) . He thought more logically as a bug and was tired of everyone depending on him. Gregor was non the lone individual affected in this narrative. His parents started to mistreat his sister in the same manner. Their boy # 8217 ; s unemployment forced her to acquire a occupation. She was so assisting to back up the household as Gregor one time did. After he died, her female parent and male parent both noticed something at about the same clip. They saw how adult up she had become and that it was clip for her to happen a hubby and, in a manner, marry another Gregor. He was the hinderance of the household # 8217 ; s felicity, even after he died. # 8220 ; With the new occupations they had found, Gregor # 8217 ; s decease was probably to take to better things later on ( p. 132 ) , # 8221 ; because they no longer cover with the job of maintaining him and concealing him from aliens. Each clip the topic of Gregor came up, they would advert how useless he was. He was merely good when he could supply for the household and so was neer truly appreciated for who he was. The fact that they didn # 8217 ; T communicate well before Gregor # 8217 ; s metabolism made it even harder to happen him behind the mask of a elephantine insect in which they had created. His sister was doing a alteration of her ain besides. Early in his metabolism # 8220 ; Gregor would stretch his legs and attempt to acquire comfy # 8221 ; ( p. 71 ) . The same stretch is duplicated by his sister when she, excessively, sprang to her pess and stretched her organic structure. She would be traveling through a similar alteration. The parents were the ground why the both of them turned out the manner they did. Their entire involvement towards populating a comfy life made them unable to see what was go oning with Gregor. Despite all his attempt, they failed to recognize that portion of that insect that they had treated so cruelly was really their boy. 348

Public Health System and Policy

Question: Discuss about thePublic Health System and Policy. Answer: Introduction The entire governments of different nations of the world are battling with the growing public health issues. There are various kinds of dreadful diseases rapidly spreading among the public and cause to severe issues to the government as these increase the mortality rate among the public. The core reasons for the growing public health issues are mainly undisciplined life style of the people and bad food habit, which is the result of the urbanization and increasingly growing among the public with the growing urbanization (Murray Battista, 2009). Australia is also battling with the increasing public health issue like other developed nations of the world. In Australia obesity is emerging as the most alarming issue that catches the attention of the public health department of Australian government and increases the concern of the government. In Australia, there are almost 63.4% people are suffering from severe obesity problems, so that invites many other dreadful diseases such as various types cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, blood sugar, diabetes, cancer and much more ("Shocking Statistics That Illustrate Australia's Obesity Problem", 2016). From the current statistical report, it is perceived that not only the adult people but the children and adolescents are also in huge numbers suffering from obesity, which increasing the concern of the public health department. The overweight refers to the body condition while a person's body weight is ten to twenty percent higher than the normal body weight of the people. Similarly, the obesity is a body condition where a person body weight is above twenty percent in comparison to the normal body weight (Miller, 2010). Moreover, the morbid obesity refers to the body condition where the people are suffering from excessive overweight, and the body weight of the person is more than 50% to 100%. In Australia, the cardiovascular diseases are emerging as the main killer, and the obesity is a prevalent cause of cardiovascular diseases ("Shocking Statistics That Illustrate Australia's Obesity Problem", 2016). For these reasons, the government has applied several different types of strategies to prevent the obesity. In this report, the light will be shed on the obesity issue of this country and the government policies and health system structure to control this major public health issue. Main Context Describing Public Health and its History The public health system can be determined as per the Australia Health system indicates the appropriate mitigation of the issues regarding the health system that is constructed for the purpose and the growth of the appropriate health contribution (Orlowski et al., 2013). It thereby also helps in considering the regular health care and the regular diagnostic testing which is carried out to create the enhancement in the healthcare process and thereby the appropriate treatment systems can be generated. As per the context regarding the clinical healthcare and the patients, there are two different components that seem to be involved in a broader context. Various legislative, regulatory and the funding arrangements are considered which is undertaken for the involvement of the multiple providers regarding the consideration of the healthcare system (Frieden, Dietz, Collins, 2010). According to the WHO i.e. World Health Organization, the various involvement of the multiple providers of healt hcare are considered whose primary purpose is to promote, restore and maintain the organization of healthcare with providing various facilities regarding the maintenance of health. The quality of the services provided depicts the enhancement of the health regarding the view of depicting a good health system and thereby all the health care issues must be depicted with depicting the needs of the people. The satisfaction of the people or the general public must be provided for the enhancement of the context represented as the common health varies from the mechanism and thereby the common elements are depicted with considering the views that are represented for the enhancement of the workforce as discussed. For the purpose of the medical safety and the maintenance of the public health, the trained workforce must be represented by the development and the enhancement of the facilities provided must be aligned appropriately with depicting all the communities of the general public (Dean, 20 16). The considerations are undertaken as per the general health care system which helps in depicting all the required values for the enhancement of the medical practitioners and thereby the health professionals are depicted with the involvement of the nurses, other health and the aligned practitioners which are indicated regarding the context considered. This helps in delivering the quality services which includes the primary and the emergency health services that are depicted for the palliative care undertaken by the government of Australia. It thereby also depicts the clear history and the description of the public health services which must be provided to create the appropriate alignment provided by the government of Australia. Identifying Key Issues in Current Public Health Policy and Practice As port h structure regarding the history depicted, there are various issues or the challenges that are faced by the government of Australia which is depicted regarding the funding and the services provided regarding the healthcare. The important issues that are depicted in this context are described below vividly which are:- The changing and the variations I the pattern of the demography ad the diseases patters must be depicted regarding the consideration of the aged population and the burden regarding the chronic illness which seems to be growing widely in the country of Australia (French Sherwood, 2011). The increment in the cost and the challenges regarding the expenses are depicted with depicting the advancement in the medical technology and science, and thereby it ensures the transparent, comprehensive and the appropriate accessing of the health strategies (Sargent, 2011). Problems that seems to be related to the health workforce supply and distribution that are depicted regarding the health and thereby the concerns are undertaken regarding the current health policies that are depicted in this context. Uncertainty regarding the public health is depicted which indicates the urban planning problems. This thereby indicates the issues regarding the children which seem to be belonging to the rural and the issues regarding the healthcare are depicted in a very large way (Connelly, Duaso, Butler, 2007). The role regarding the urban planning depicts the indication of the challenges which are faced in the context of the medical healthcare. Furthermore, the issues regarding the bureaucratic policies are depicted with indicating the health designing of the health care system. Apart from all the points mentioned in the above challenges, there are other various issues that are confronted by the government of Australia regarding the health care. The issues also indicate the d=funding and the delivery of the health care problems that are depicted for the growth of the health care facilities. The national leadership issue is also depicted with depicting the inappropriate healthcare and thereby the challenges regarding the indigenous communities are depicted regarding the facilities for which the establishment of the targeting population is depicted (Brennan, Kemner, Donaldson, Brownson, 2015). It also helps in depicting the issues that are indicated with the creating an inappropriate response towards the challenges generated and thereby the most indigenous communities thrive of these facilities regarding the health care. Henceforth the issues that are also depicted help in generating the issues that are depicted in this context and thereby the considerations a re undertaken accordingly regarding the health care issues. State, National and International Health Systems Structure and Funding Models Australia has the most comprehensive, accessible and affordable health care system in the world. The government has taken many steps to enhance the health care system in the country. The Commonwealth Department of ageing and health promotes good health as well as ensures all people have access to health services (Baghbanian, Hughes, Khavarpour, 2011). The Commonwealth has built a broad policy of financing and leadership in the health care and focuses on the areas of national information, research, and public health management while the territories and states are responsible to deliver health services in public sector and regulation of health workers in the private and public sectors. The psychiatric hospital and acute public services are delivered by territories and states which include child and mental health, environmental programs, dental health and school health. The nongovernment sector, consumers, and all government levels play a significant role in funding and providing are to older people (Willis, Reynolds, Keleher, 2012). The Commonwealth government finance and regulates the aged care and provided by the non government sector. The states and territories and commonwealth funds and administers community care such as home help, transport and delivering meals. The local government also plays a crucial role in providing health care services such as improving the sanitation and monitoring water quality, hygiene and food safety. The health system of Australia is one of the best systems in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness (Lin, Smith, Fawkes, 2007). The private and public health care services includes range of regulatory mechanisms: The government of Australia develops national rules and policies for the health care services sectors The local government and state and territory are responsible to manage and deliver quality health services as well as maintaining health relationship with the health care workers in the hospitals The private practitioner includes consultant physicians, general practitioners, and specialists. The private health insurance rebate, pharmaceuticals scheme, and Medicare are the national subsidy schemes funded by the government. Medicare levy and taxes helps the government to develop their health care system and through private financing such as health insurance. The national healthcare system main aim is to provide quality health care services and access to the health care at no cost or an affordable cost (Healey, 2009). The NSW health includes local health districts, health organizations, and statutory health organizations. Description and Comparison of the Issues The obesity problem is increasingly emerging as the most alarming issue of Australia, where around 63.4% people of the total census are suffering from severe obesity problems. As per the current statistical reports published by the government, there is almost two out of three adult population are suffering from severe obesity issue. Furthermore, the obesity rate among the Australian public is alarmingly increasing over the years, which is perceived from the reports where it is observed that currently the rate of obesity within the country has been increased almost 10% higher in comparison to the 1995 census, which is even increasing more concern to the public health department (Blanck Collins, 2015). Besides this, as per report, the children are also suffering from the obesity and related diseases like diabetes, blood sugar, cancer, etc. which increasing the concern of the public health. According to the current report, there is every one child among four in this nation suffering fro m obesity which is 25% of a total number of children. Not only the males but females are also suffering from obesity, however, as per the male are more obese than the women the statistic is 70.8% male adult are obese whereas, 56.3% women are obese. It is perceived that maximum males above 45 years old are suffering from morbid obesity, which is considered as a serious body condition and the possibility of cardiovascular diseases are increasing alarmingly in this condition. Besides this, it is observed that the people from the remote places or outer regions are more obese in comparison to the people who reside in the cities (Bhuyan et al., 2015). The statistic shows that the difference is 15%. And the key reason is increasingly growing urbanization, the urban unruly life style and dreadful food habits among the suburb people are the main cause of obesity among them. The obesity itself a dreadful disease, which invites a lot of other dangerous diseases like hypertension, blood sugar, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. therefore, the obesity cause of increasing mortality rate of the nation and thus main concern of the public health department of the government. Moreover, in this context, the government is trying to develop efficient policies to prevent the obesity rate of the country. Analyzing Health Policies In order to control obesity, the Australian government has implemented many regulations, rules, and policies. The government has taken many steps and implemented policies to keep the country in track (Holtz, 2008). The steps that have been taken under eat well policy are as follows: Strategic Management Managing partnerships The development of nutrition policy The strategic implementation of EWA and NATSINSAP The appropriate allocation of resources Vulnerablegroups Promoting changes in health care sector Influencing the social policies Addressing the barriers to the and healthy foods Fruits and Vegetables The promotion of healthy fruit and vegetables Addressing the structural factors that influence the consumption of vegetables and fruit Maternal and Child Health Improvement of the nutrition for the pregnant women Promoting breastfeeding and improving nutrition for infants Research and Development Investment in the research for healthy nutrition Investment in innovation and private sector Evaluation and Monitoring Evaluating EWA Monitoring food and national nutrition There are many policies that are implemented by the government such as Food and Nutrition Policy and Health Star Rating system, Marketing in Australia of Infant Formulas, National Preventative Health Strategy, Food Regulation 2010 under food act 2003,S Healthy weight, Australian National Breastfeeding Strategy, Nutrition health and related claims standard, National Primary Health Care Strategic Framework, Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code, Food Regulation 2002 (Moodie, Daube, Carnell, 2009). The government requires a hard policy to tackle public health threats which will help to enhance the life of the people. Some of the examples that helped in the promotion of healthy life are advertisement ban of tobacco, taxation, and smoke-free environment. The policies will help to prevent obesity, but it should not be directly aimed at the eating behaviors. The steps that have been taken by the government are as follows: Establishment of "Australian National Prevention Health Agency." Investing in "National Partnership Agreement on Prevention Health." Social campaigns to encourage people to adopt safe and healthier lifestyle The administration of clinical rules and guidance for health care providers The government has made efforts and getting a good response with the development of healthcare infrastructure and providing quality health care services (Whitney Rolfes, 2011). Conclusion The increasing obesity rate in Australia enhances the concern of the public health department of the country so that the government along with the public health department has taken several important steps as per the preventing strategies of the obesity of the government. Obesity is not only in Australia but the problem of almost the entire developed and developing country (Baghbanian, Hughes, Khavarpour, 2011). Therefore, all the national and international bodies related to the public health are trying to develop efficient policies to minimize the obesity issue. And all the organizations have to work jointly to prevent the issues and alert people about the dreadful effect of the health hazards. References Baghbanian, A., Hughes, I., Khavarpour, F. (2011).Resource allocation and economic evaluation in Australia's healthcare system.Australian Health Review,35(3), 278. Bhuyan, S., Chandak, A., Smith, P., Carlton, E., Duncan, K., Gentry, D. (2015). Integration of public health and primary care: A systematic review of the current literature in primary care physician-mediated childhood obesity interventions. Obesity Research Clinical Practice,9(6), 539-552. Blanck, H. Collins, J. (2015). The Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Project: Linking Public Health Initiatives and Primary Care Interventions Community-Wide To Prevent and Reduce Childhood Obesity.Childhood Obesity,11(1), 1-3. Brennan, L., Kemner, A., Donaldson, K., Brownson, R. (2015).Evaluating the Implementation and Impact of Policy, Practice, and Environmental Changes to Prevent Childhood Obesity in 49 Diverse Communities.Journal Of Public Health Management And Practice,21, S121-S134. Connelly, J., Duaso, M., Butler, G. (2007). A systematic review of controlled trials of interventions to prevent childhood obesity and overweight: A realistic synthesis of the evidence.Public Health,121(7), 510-517. Dean, E. (2016). Childhood obesity.Primary Health Care,26(8), 10-10. French, S. Sherwood, N. (2011). Linking Primary Care, Communities, and Families To Prevent Obesity among Preschool Children.Childhood Obesity,7(3), 237-239. Frieden, T., Dietz, W., Collins, J. (2010). Reducing Childhood Obesity Through Policy Change: Acting Now To Prevent Obesity.Health Affairs,29(3), 357-363. Healey, J. (2009).The obesity epidemic.Thirroul, N.S.W.: Spinney Press. Holtz, C. (2008).Global health care. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Lin, V., Smith, J., Fawkes, S. (2007).Public health practice in Australia.Crows Nest, NSW, Australia: Allen Unwin. McLachlan, G. (2010). Reforms on the horizon for Australia's health system.The Lancet,375(9716), 712-713. Miller, M. (2010). Women and Health: Community Development, its Role in Health: The Future of Public Health Research in AustraliaIA.Community Health Studies,10(4), 417-418. Moodie, A., Daube, M., Carnell, K. (2009).Australia - the healthiest country by 2020. Canberra: Australian Government, Preventative Health Taskforce. Murray, R. Battista, M. (2009). Managing the Risk of Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Primary Care Practice.Current Problems In Pediatric And Adolescent Health Care,39(6), 146-165. Orlowski, M., Adkins, S., Ellison, S., Choh, A., Terwoord, N., Schuster, R. (2013). Assessment and Management of Adult Obesity in a Primary Care Practice.World Medical Health Policy,5(1), 19-36. Sargent, G. (2011). Successful treatment of childhood overweight and obesity in primary health care and appropriate outcome measures: Development of a logic model.Obesity Research Clinical Practice,5, 22. Whitney, E. Rolfes, S. (2011).Understanding nutrition. Australia: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Willis, E., Reynolds, L., Keleher, H. (2012).Understanding the Australian health care system.Chatswood, N.S.W.: Churchill Livingstone. Shocking Statistics That Illustrate Australia's Obesity Problem. (2016).Huffington Post Australia. Retrieved 26 October 2016, from https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/02/23/shocking-statistics-that-illustrate-australias-obesity-problem/